A first conviction for war crimes sparks controversy
首次对战争罪行的定罪引发争议
Jan 26th 2013 |From the print edition
MORE than 41 years after the deaths of as many as 3m people in Bangladesh’s war of secession from Pakistan, a Bangladeshi war crimes tribunal has given its first verdict. On January 21st it sentenced Abul Kalam Azad to death in absentia for genocide and murder committed during the nine-month war in 1971. The verdict is being seen as a victory for Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister, and her Awami League party, who have made the tribunal an important part of her term in office.
孟加拉国曾为脱离巴基斯坦引发的战争致使3百万人丧生,近42年过去了,如今孟加拉国战争军事法庭对此进行首次裁决,于1月21日对阿布尔•卡拉姆•阿扎德在1971年长达9个月的战争中所犯下的种族灭绝及屠杀罪行进行缺席审判,处以死刑。这一裁决是谢赫•哈西娜总理和其人民联盟政党的一大胜利,也是她任期的一个重要垫脚石。
Bangladeshis have waited decades for justice and the aims of the tribunal are broadly popular, but critics say the process has been politicised to target allies of Sheikh Hasina’s main opponent, former prime minister Khaleda Zia, head of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). There have also been questions raised about its impartiality. In December The Economist reported on contacts by e-mail and Skype between the presiding judge in one of the tribunals and a lawyer in Belgium who was not an official part of the court. The judge eventually resigned and was replaced. The verdict on Mr Azad came from a second tribunal.
孟加拉国期待正义已有数年,这次审判的目的深得人心,但是批评家认为这次裁决已被政治化,主要是针对谢赫•哈西娜<注释1>即孟加拉国国民党领导人兼前总理卡莉达•齐亚。也有很多人质疑这次裁决的公正性。12月,《经济学家》报道此次审判的其中一位首席法官和一位比利时律师联系的邮件内容及网络电话记录,这位法官最终辞职,被取而代之。第二次开庭审判对阿扎德做出了判决。
In the judgment Mr Azad is described as a former leader of the youth wing of Jamaat-e-Islami, a party in then East Pakistan and still Bangladesh’s biggest Islamic party today. Its youth wing was the main source of paramilitaries supporting Pakistan in its efforts to prevent East Pakistan’s independence. Its members are alleged to have abducted and murdered dozens of civilians. Mr Azad himself was accused of killing at least 12 Hindus and of rape. He then became a well-connected political figure in Bangladesh and a presenter of popular Islamic television programmes. He fled the country last year and is believed to be in Pakistan.
这次审判把阿扎德描绘成伊斯兰大会党青年团前领导人,该党现在仍然是孟加拉国(当时的东巴基斯坦)最大的伊斯兰党。这一青年团是协助巴基斯坦人们阻止东巴基斯坦独立的主要辅助军事力量,该团成员也涉嫌绑架和杀害许多的平民百姓。阿扎德本人被指控杀害至少12名印度教徒和涉嫌强奸罪。他曾在孟加拉国政治界人脉广泛,而且在炙手可热的伊斯兰电视节目中担任主持人。他去年叛逃孟加拉国,据信现在在巴基斯坦。
Mrs Zia has found it impossible to distance her party from Jamaat-e-Islami, an ally whose support the BNP needs if it is to win the election, likely to take place this year. Among the ten other senior figures to be tried are two leading party officials, both former ministers in Mrs Zia’s 2001-2006 government. It may be that almost the entire leadership of Jamaat will be hanged before the polls. So, too, may two members of Mrs Zia’s party, including one of her close advisers. Sheikh Hasina will hope that the taint of 1971 will make the BNP-Jamaat alliance so toxic to voters that she will be returned to power.
齐亚(音译)<注释2>觉得不能和伊斯兰教党对立,因为孟加拉国国民党需要该联盟的支持,来赢得今年可能举行的大选。十个被审的高级官员中有两个是大会党重要官员,而且还曾在齐亚2001—2006年执政期间担任部长。整个伊斯兰教领导势力也许会在民意调查之前全军覆没,齐亚所在党派的两名成员(其中包括她的一名亲密顾问)也不例外,谢赫•哈西娜希望1971年发生的这一丑闻来丑化该国国民党-伊斯兰教联盟,从而使自己获得选民的支持,重新执掌政权。
谢赫•哈西娜(1947年9月28日-),孟加拉国总理。哈西娜出生于1947年9月28日,其父是孟加拉国国父、首任总统谢赫•穆吉布•拉赫曼。1975年8月15日,其父穆吉布及其亲属15人在首都达卡被政变军人杀害,哈西娜当时在德国,幸免于难。1981年2月,哈西娜出任孟加拉国人民联盟主席。1996年6月23日至2001年7月15日之间出任孟加拉国总理。2008年12月29日举行的议会大选中,哈西娜率领的人民联盟取得压倒性胜利,再次获得组阁权.
卡莉达•齐亚 (Begum Khaleda Zia)1945年8月15日生于迪纳杰布尔县。她是孟加拉国前总统齐亚•拉赫曼的遗孀。卡莉达•齐亚1960年入苏伦德拉纳特学院学习,1963年毕业。在校期间与齐亚•拉赫曼上尉结婚。1981年5月齐亚•拉赫曼遇刺后,她开始步入政坛,1982年3月任孟加拉国民族主义党副主席,1984年当选主席。1991年2月,民族主义党在大选中获胜。同年3月,卡•齐亚出任总理,成为孟加拉国历史上第一位女总理。2001年10月至2006年10月再次出任总理。